Relevancia del valor social en las empresas agroecológicas de la Comunidad Valenciana. Aplicación de la Economía del Bien Común para la mejora de su gestión sostenible / / / \ \ \ Relevance of social value in Valencian agroecological firms. Application of the Economy for the Common Good framework to improve its sustainable management
Resumen
Resumen: La agricultura ecológica ofrece a los productores una opción para enfocar su negocio y obtener una ventaja competitiva; sin embargo, en determinados casos ésta se centra en actividades específicas del proceso productivo y solo crea valor ambiental, además de económico, sin tener en cuenta el valor social; por lo que no es un enfoque basado en la sostenibilidad. Se hace necesario ampliar su enfoque a las personas (valor social) y reforzar la rentabilidad (valor económico). El objetivo del trabajo es describir una herramienta basada en el modelo de la Economía del Bien Común (EBC) aplicada al sector agroecológico, que sirva para medir los impactos sociales y ambientales. La metodología ha consistido en: 1) análisis bibliométrico sobre publicaciones en agroecología para identificar indicadores de sostenibilidad más relevantes; 2) aplicación del método Delphi para hacer un screening entre los indicadores identificados; y 3) constitución de grupos peer de productores, con el objeto de realizar su Balance del Bien Común. El estudio empírico realizado demuestra que las empresas agroecológicas tienen una carencia a nivel social y ambiental en relación con sus proveedores y con la transparencia y participación. También carecen de herramientas de medición para cuantificar el valor social y ambiental. El modelo EBC puede ser apropiado para las empresas agroecológicas , si se adapta a sus características.
Palabras clave: Agroecología, Sostenibilidad, Economía del Bien Común, Valor compartido.
Abstract: Organical Agriculture leads producers both to focus their business and gain a competitive advantage. However, by doing so, they focus on specific activities of the production process which implies creating only environmental value, contrary to an approach based on sustainability. It is essential to broaden its focus towards people (social value) and profitability (economic value). The present study is aimed at providing a tool based on the Economy for the Common Good model (ECG) which can be applied to the agroecological sector. Thus, allowing the measurement of social and environmental impacts. The methodology employed was structured as follows: 1) in order to identify the most relevant sustainability indicators the authors performed a bibliometric analysis of research papers on agroecology, 2) a screening among the identified indicators through a Delphi method, and 3) peer groups constitution of producers to produce their Common Good Balance Sheet. The results of this empirical study evidence that the agroecological enterprises have a lack of social and environmental impacts in regards to their suppliers, in terms of transparency and participation values. In addition, they have an absence of social and environmental values measurement tools. In this sense, the ECG model may be appropriate for the agroecological enterprises by being adapted to their specific needs.
Key words: Agroecology, Sustainability, Economy for the Common Good, Shared value.
Referencias
Binder, C. R., Feola, G., y Steinberger, J. K. (2010). Normative, systemic, and procedural aspects: a review of indicator-based sustainability assessments in agriculture. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, (30), 71-81.
Cabell, J. F., y Oelofse, M. (2012). An Indicator Framework for Assessing Agroecosystem Resilience. Ecology and Society, 17(1).
Campos, V., Apetrei, A., y Chaves, R. (2012). Delphi method applied to horticultural cooperatives. Management Decision, 50(7), 1266-1284.
Campos, V., Sanchis, J. R., y Ejarque, A. (2019). Social entrepreneurship and Economy for the Common Good: study of their relationship through a bibliometric analysis. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 1(12), 156-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750319879632.
Casado, G. G., y Hernández, J. M. (2012). Agroecología y agricultura ecológica. Aportes y sinergias para incrementar la sustentabilidad agraria. Agroecología, (6), 55-62.
CESE (2016). Dictamen del Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre el tema «La Economía del Bien Común: un modelo económico sostenible orientado a la cohesión social». 2016/C 013/06.
Dantsis, T., Douma, C., Giourga, C., Loumou, A., y Polychronaki, E. A. (2010). A methodological approach to assess and compare the sustainability level of agricultural plant production systems. Ecological indicators, 10(2), 256-263.
Dyllick, T., y Muff, K. (2016). Clarifying the Meaning of Sustainable Business: Introducing a Typology From Business-as-Usual to True Business Sustainability. Organization & Environment, 29(2), 156-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026615575176.
Felber, C. (2015). Change Everything: Creating an Economy for the Common Good. Vienne: Zen Books.
Felber, C., Campos, V., y Sanchis, J. R. (2019). The Common Good Balance Sheet, an adequate tool to capture non-financial. Sustainability, 11(14), 3791-3812.
Floridi, M., Pagni, S., Falorni, S., y Luzzati, T. (2011). An exercise in composite indicators construction: Assessing the sustainability of Italian regions. Ecological Economics, 70(8), 1440-1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.003.
Foti, V. T., Scuderi, A., y Timpanaro, G. (2017). The Economy for the Common Good: the expression of a new sustainable economic model. Quality-Acces to Success, (18), 206-214.
Giagnocavo, C., Gerez, S., y Campos, V. (2014). Paths to cooperative survival: structure, strategy and regeneration of fruit and vegetables cooperatives in Almeria and Valencia, Spain. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economic, 85(4), 617-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apce.12054.
Gliessman, S. R., Rosado-May, F. J., Guadarrama-Zugasti, C., Jedlicka, J., Cohn, A., Méndez, V. E., ... y Jaffe, R. (2007). Agroecología: promoviendo una transición hacia la sostenibilidad. Revista Ecosistemas, 16(1).
Gómez, L. F., Ríos-Osorio, L., y Eschenhagen, M. L. (2015). Las bases epistemológicas de la agroecología. Agrociencia, 49(6), 679-688.
Gómez-Limón, J. A., y Sanchez-Fernandez, G. (2010). Empirical evaluation of agricultural sustainability using composite indicators. Ecological Economics, 69 (5), 1062-1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.027.
Hsu, C. C., y Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, (12), 10-15.
Johnson, M.P., y Schaltegger, S. (2016). Two decades of sustainability management tools for SMEs: how far have we come? Journal of Small Business Management, 54 (2), 481-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12154.
Kumaraswamy, S. (2012). Sustainability issues in agro-ecology: Socio-ecological perspective. Agricultural Sciences, 3(2), 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.32018.
Landeta, J. (2006). Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences. Technological Forecasting Social Change Journal, (73), 467-482.
Landeta, J., Matey, J., Ruiz, V., y Galter, J. (2008). Results of a Delphi survey in drawing up the input–output tables for Catalonia. Technological Forecasting Social Change Journal, (75), 32-56.
Liu, F., y Zhang, H. (2013). Novel methods to assess environmental, economic, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(3), 621-633.
Loaiza Cerón, W., Reyes Trujillo, A., y Carvajal Escobar, Y. (2012). Diseños alternativos para un índice de sostenibilidad agrícola: el caso de la agricultura de regadío del Duero. Ingeniería y Desarrollo, 30(2), 135-179.
Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Allahyari, M. S., y Daghighi Masuleh, Z. (2014). Identifying Indicators of Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Paddy Fields of Guilan Province. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 4(1), 73-79.
Okoli, C., y Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: An example, design considerations and applications. Information Management Journal, (42), 15-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002.
Pacini, G. C., Lazzerini, G., y Vazzana, C (2011). AESIS: a support tool for the evaluation of sustainability of agroecosystems. Example of applications to organic and integrated farming systems in Tuscany, Italy. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 6(1), 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2011.e3.
Petticrew, M., y Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: a practical guide. Blackwell Publishing.
Porter, M. E., y Kramer, M. (2011). The big idea: creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1), 2-10.
Rowe, G. (2001). Expert opinions in forecasting: The role of the Delphi technique. En J.S. Armstrong (ed.), Principles of forecasting–a handbook for researchers and practitioners, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Rowe, G., y Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, (15), 353-375.
Roy, R., y Chan, N. W (2012). An assessment of agricultural sustainability indicators. The Environmentalist, 32(1), 99-110.
Ryan, M., Hennessy, T., Buckley, C., Dillon, E. J., Donnellan, T., Hanrahan, K., y Moran, B. (2016). Developing farm-level sustainability indicators for Ireland using the Teagasc National Farm Survey. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 55(2), 112-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2016-0011.
Sánchez, J. L. (2009). Redes alimentarias alternativas: concepto, tipología y adecuación a la realidad española. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, (49), 185-207.
Steinert, M. (2009). A dissensus based online Delphi approach: An explorative research tool. Technological Forecasting Social Change Journal, (76), 291-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.10.006.
Torres, J., Valera, D. L., Belmonte, L. J., y Herrero-Sánchez, C. (2016). Economic and Social Sustainability through Organic Agriculture: Study of the Restructuring of the Citrus Sector in the “Bajo Andarax” District (Spain). Sustainability, 8(9), 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8090918.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., y Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of a systematic review. British Journal of Management, (14), 207-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375.
Valtyniova, S., y Kren, J. (2014). Indicators used for assessment of the ecological dimension of sustainable arable farming-Review. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 59(3), 247-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030247.
Von Wirén-Lehr, S. (2001). Sustainability in agricultura -an evaluation of principal goal-oriented concepts to close the gap between theory and practice. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 84(2), 115-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00197-3.
Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Dore, T., Francis, C., y Vallod, D. (2009). Agroecology as a science, a movement, and a practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29(4), 503-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009004.
Yegbemey, R. N., Yabi, J. A., Dossa, C. S. G., y Bauer, S. (2014). Novel participatory indicators of sustainability reveal weaknesses of maize cropping in Benin. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(4), 909-920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0214-9.
Zapkau, F. B., Schwens, C., y Kabst, R. (2017): The role of prior entrepreneurial exposure in the entrepreneurial process: a review and future research implications. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(1), 56-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12232.
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local. ISSN: 2386-9968. journal.terra@gmail.com