Análisis comparativo de las percepciones de los agricultores y la adaptación al cambio climático en áreas específicas de Nepal, Myanmar, Tailandia y Vietnam
Resumen
Durante el siglo XXI se espera que los eventos climáticos extremos aumenten en frecuencia e intensidad, a la vez que tienen un impacto en la producción agrícola mundial. Los agricultores de las zonas rurales y remotas se encuentran entre los grupos socioeconómicos más vulnerables, ya que dependen mucho del clima. Además, el sur y el sudeste de Asia se consideran regiones con mayor exposición y de los cuales merecen mención especial Nepal, Myanmar, Tailandia y Vietnam. Este artículo examina las percepciones y la adaptación del agricultor al cambio climático en áreas específicas de estos países, así como los vínculos entre los interesados en la transferencia y generación de técnicas agronómicas hacia los más vulnerables. Además, el resultado principal de este trabajo confirma que el cambio climático se percibe de manera diferente entre y dentro de los países, al igual que la adaptación. De hecho, la combinación de información empírica y datos meteorológicos registrados es, en consecuencia, un elemento clave en el proceso de toma de decisiones.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDF (English)Referencias
Adger, W. N. (1999). Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World development, 27 (2), pp. 249-269
Adger, W. N. (2000). Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition in Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90 (4), pp. 738-758
Adger, W. N. (2003). Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. Economic Geography, 79 (4), pp. 387-404
Adger, N., Arnell, N., & Tomkins, E. (2005). Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environmental Change, 15 (2), pp. 77-86
Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M., & Ninh, N. H. (2012). Living with environmental change: social vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in Vietnam. 1st edition. Routledge: London and New York
Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2013). Food security in Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from: http://reliefweb.int
Attavanich, W. (2013). The Effect of Climate Change on Thailand’s Agriculture. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net
Babel, M. S., Agarwal, A., Swain, D. K., & Herath, S. (2011). Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand. Climate Research, 46 (2), pp. 137-146
Bartlett, R., Bharati, L., Pant, D., Hosterman, H., & McCornick, P. G. (2010). Climate change impacts and adaptation in Nepal. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 139, pp. 1-35. Retrieved from: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org
Biggs, E. M., Tompkins, E. L., Allen, J., Moon, C., & Allen, R. (2013). Agricultural adaptation to climate change: observations from the Mid-Hills of Nepal. Climate and Development, 5 (2), pp. 165-173
Bhusal, Y. (2009). BSc Dissertation Thesis: Local Peoples’ Perceptions on Climate Change, Its Impacts and Adaptation Measures in Mid-Mountain Region of Nepal. Retrieved from: http://www.forestrynepal.org/images/thesis/Bsc_YBhusal.pdf
Buddhaboon, C., Kongton, S., & Jintrawet, A. (2004). Climate Scenario Verification and Impact on Rain-fed Rice Production. Southeast Asia START Regional Center, Thailand, pp. 1-38
Chhetri, N. B., & Easterling, W. E. (2010). Adapting to climate change: retrospective analysis of climate technology interaction in the rice-based farming system of Nepal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100 (5), pp. 1156-1176
Chhetri, N., Chaudhary, P., Tiwari, P. R., & Yadaw, R. B. (2012). Institutional and technological innovation: Understanding agricultural adaptation to climate change in Nepal. Applied Geography, 33, pp. 142-150
Climate-data.org. (2016). Climate: Lumle; New Bagan; Taunggyi; Pai, Chiang Mai; Bên Tre; Vinh. Retrieved from: http://en.climate-data.org/
D’Arrigo, R., Palmer, J., Ummenhofer, C. C., Kyaw, N. N., & Krusic, P. (2011). Three centuries of Myanmar monsoon climate variability inferred from teak tree rings. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (24), pp. 1-5
Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Meisner, C., Wheeler, D., & Yan, J. (2009). The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: a comparative analysis. Climatic change, 93 (3-4), pp. 379-388
Felkner, J., Tazhibayeva, K., & Townsend, R. (2009). Impact of climate change on rice production in Thailand. The American economic review, 99 (2), pp. 205-210
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2014a). FAO Statistical Yearkbook, Nepal. Retrieved from http://fenixservices.fao.org
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2014b). FAO Statistical Yearkbook, Myanmar. Retrieved from: http://fenixservices.fao.org
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2014c). FAO Statistical Yearkbook, Thailand. Retrieved from: http://fenixservices.fao.org
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2014d). FAO Statistical Yearkbook, Vietnam. Retrieved from: http://fenixservices.fao.org
Fritz, H. M., Blount, C. D., Thwin, S., Thu, M. K., & Chan, N. (2009). Cyclone Nargis storm surge in Myanmar. Nature Geoscience, 2 (7), pp. 448-449
Füssel, H-M. (2009). Development and Climate Change. Postdam: Postdam Institute for Climate Climate Impact Research, pp. 1-34
Gentle, P., & Maraseni T.N. (2012). Climate change, poverty and livelihoods: adaptation practices by rural mountain communities in Nepal. Environmental Science and Policy, 21, pp. 24-34
Htut, A. Y., Shrestha, S., Nitivattananon, V., & Kawasaki, A. (2014). Forecasting climate change scenarios in the Bago River Basin, Myanmar. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 5 (9), pp. 1-11
Htway, O., & Matsumoto, J. (2011). Climatological onset dates of summer monsoon over Myanmar. International Journal of Climatology, 31 (3), pp. 382-393
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Contribution of working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, pp. 976
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1207-1308
International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). (2014). Glacier status in Nepal and Decadal Change from 1980 to 2010 Based on Landsat Data. Retrieved from: http://lib.icimod.org/record/29591/files/GSN-RR14-2.pdf
Karki, R., & Gurung, A. (2012). An overview of climate change and its impact on agriculture: a review from least developing country, Nepal. International Journal of Ecosystem, 2 (2), pp. 19-24
Kreft, S., Eckstein, D., Junghans, L., Kerestan, C., & Hagen, U. (2016) Global Climate Risk Index 2016. Retrieved from: https://germanwatch.org/fr/download/13503.pdf
Lebel, L., Manuta, J. B., & Garden, P. (2011). Institutional traps and vulnerability to changes in climate and flood regimes in Thailand. Regional Environmental Change, 11 (1), pp. 45-58
Le Dang, H., Li, E., Bruwer, J., & Nuberg, I. (2014). Farmers’ perceptions of climate variability and barriers to adaptation: lessons learned from an exploratory study in Vietnam. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 19 (5), pp. 531-548
Maddison, D. (2007). The perception of and adaptation to climate change in Africa. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 4308, pp. 1-52
Malla, G. (2009). Climate change and its impact on Nepalese agriculture. Journal of agriculture and environment, 9, pp. 62-7
Manandhar, S., Vogt, D. S., Perret, S. R., & Kazama, F. (2011). Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers’ perception and practices. Regional Environmental Change, 11 (2), pp. 335-348
Manandhar, S., Pratoomchai, W., Ono, K., Kazama, S., & Komori, D. (2015). Local people’s perceptions of climate change and related hazards in mountainous areas of northern Thailand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 11, pp. 47-59
McGranahan, G., Balk, D., & Anderson, B. (2007). The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and urbanization, 19 (1), pp. 17-37
McPhaden, M. J., Foltz, G. R., Lee, T., Murty, V. S. N., Ravichandran, M., Vecchi, G. A., & Yu, L. (2009). Ocean’ atmosphere interactions during cyclone Nargis. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 90 (7), pp. 53-54
Mertz, O. Mbow, C, Reenberg, A. & Diouf, A. (2009). Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and agricultural adaptation strategies in rural Sahel. Environmental Management, 43 (5), pp. 804-816
Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD). (2014). Web based Agriculture Atlas 2015. Retrieved from: http://apps.geoportal.icimod.org/agricultureatlas/atlas/index.html
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). (2012). Climate Change scenarios and sea level rise for Vietnam. In: Nguyen, T. H., Pham, T. L., & Jarva, J. 2015. Climate change adaptation measures in Vietnam. Development and Implementation. Chapter 2: Climate change in Vietnam. New York: Springer, pp. 7-15
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MSTE). (2000). Thailand’s Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/thainc1.pdf
National Statistical Office (NSO). (2013). Advanced Reports 2013 Agricultural Census. Retrieved from: http://web.nso.go.th/en/census/agricult/cen_agri03.htm
Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP). (2011). Thailand’s Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/thainc2.pdf
Oxfam. (2009). Even the Himalayas have stopped smiling: climate change, poverty and adaptation in Nepal. Retrieved from: https://www.oxfam.org
Oxfam. (2015). Resilience in Thailand: Impact evaluation of the climate change community-based adaptation model for food security project. Retrieved from https://www.oxfam.org
Pandey, R. (2016). PhD Dissertation on: Human Ecological Implications of Climate Change in the Himalaya: In vestigating Opportunities for Adaptation in the Kaligandaki Basin, Nepal. University of Adelaide Rao, M., Htun, S., Platt, S. G., Tizard, R., Poole, C., Myint, T., & Watson, J. E. (2013). Biodiversity conservation in a changing climate: A review of threats and implications for conservation planning in Myanmar. Ambio, 42 (7), pp. 789-804
Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS). (2016). Lumle Annual Report. Retrieved from: http://www.rarslumle.gov.np
Regmi, B-R., Thapa, L., Suwal, R. Khadka, S., Sharma, G-B., & Tamang, B-B. (2009). Agro-biodiversity management: an opportunity for mainstreaming community-based adaptation to climate change. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 8 (1), pp. 111-121
Sapkota, S., Paudel, M. N., Thakur, N. S., Nepali, M. B., & Neupane, R. (2010). Effect of climate change on rice production: a case of six VDCs in Jumla district. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 11, pp. 57-62
Sen Roy, N., & Kaur, S. (2000). Climatology of monsoon rains of Myanmar (Burma). International journal of climatology, 20 (8), pp. 913-928
Smit, B., & Pilifosova, O. (2001). Adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity. In: McCarthy, J., Canziani, O., Leary, N., Dokken, D., and White, K. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 879-912
Smit, B., & Wandel, J. (2006). Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global environmental change, 16 (3), pp. 282-292
Shrestha, S., Thin, N. M. M., & Deb, P. (2014). Assessment of climate change impacts on irrigation water requirement and rice yield for Ngamoeyeik Irrigation Project in Myanmar. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 5 (3), pp. 427-442
Swe, L. M. M., Shrestha, R. P., Ebbers, T., & Jourdain, D. (2015). Farmers’ perception of and adaptation to climate-change impacts in the Dry Zone of Myanmar. Climate and Development, 7(5), pp. 437- 453
Thailand Meteorology Department (TMD). (2008). Climatological Centre. Retrieved from: http://climate.tmd.go.th/
Thaiwater. (2011). Thailand Flood Executive Summary (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.thaiwater.net/web/index.php/ourworks2554/379-2011floodsummary.html
Thomas, D. Twyman, C. Osbahr, H. & Hewitson, B. (2007). Adaptation to climate change and variability: farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa. Climatic Change, 83 (3), pp. 301-322
Timilsina, Y. P. (2015). Chronological Trend of Climate in the Lumle Village Development Committee from Kaski District, Nepal. Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3 (1), pp. 53-64
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (2007). Human Development Report 2007/08. Climate Change and Human Development in VietNam. Retrieved from: http://hdr.undp.org
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (2015). Human Development Report 2015. Retrieved from: http://report.hdr.undp.org
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (2016). Environment, Climate Change, Energy and Disaster Risk Reduction Project. Retrieved from:http://www.mm.undp.org
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP).(2009). Viet Nam Assessment Report on Climate Change (VARC). Retrieved from: http://www.unep.org/pdf/dtie/VTN_ASS_REP_CC.pdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2012). Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change. Retrieved from: http://unfccc.int
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015a). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Myanmar. Retrieved from: http://www4.unfccc.int
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015b). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Thailand. Retrieved from: http://www4.unfccc.int
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015c). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam. Retrieved from: http://www4.unfccc.int
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2016). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Nepal. Retrieved from: http://www4.unfccc.int
Vien, T. D. (2011). Climate change and its impact on agriculture in Vietnam. Journal ISSAAS, 17 (1), pp.17-21
Xu, J. C., A. B. Shrestha, R. Vaidya, M. Eriksson, & K. Hewitt. (2007). The melting Himalayas: regional challenges and local impacts of climate change on mountain ecosystems and livelihoods. Technical paper. International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal
Yohe, G., & Tol, R. (2002). Indicators for social and economic coping capacity-moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Global Environmental Change, 12 (2), pp. 25-40
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
 |
|
|
|
EU-topías. Revista de interculturalidad, comunicación y estudios europeos ISSN: 2174-8454 / e-ISSN: 2340-115X info@eu-topias.org |
Departamento de Teoría de los Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universitat de València-Estudi General Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 32, planta 5. 46010, Valencia |
Global Studies Institute, Université de Genève |
