DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/IREP.5.1.26978

¿Estiman los analistas de forma diferente en períodos de incertidumbre? Un análisis empírico de los precios objetivo de los bancos españoles


Resumen


Los precios objetivo son una estimación del valor futuro de la cotización de una empresa. Aunque hay un consenso general sobre la importancia de los fundamentales de las empresas a la hora de hacer previsiones, existen también otros determinantes. Este artículo explica los efectos de la incertidumbre, el estrés financiero y la volatilidad sobre las estimaciones del precio objetivo. Para ello, se elaboran varios indicadores para las ocho principales entidades financieras españolas desde 1999 hasta 2020. Estos muestran que, en promedio, los analistas tienen un sesgo optimista en sus valoraciones y tienden a reaccionar con retardo a los movimientos de las acciones. Las diferentes medidas de incertidumbre, estrés financiero y volatilidad afectan a sus estimaciones a) fomentando el sesgo optimista, b) reduciendo la velocidad y c) la voluntad de ajuste a los movimientos del precio de las acciones, y d) haciendo que confíen menos en éstos últimos como indicadores de los fundamentales de los bancos. Estos efectos se ven reforzados por el método de agregación del precio objetivo compuesto (en concreto por el papel de antigüedad de las contribuciones individuales). Ambos factores actúan en tándem: cuanto más incierto sea el entorno económico y financiero, menos probable será que los precios objetivos agregados se muevan en función de las cotizaciones bursátiles, ya que las contribuciones individuales más antiguas ralentizarán el proceso de ajuste. Un simple cambio en el método de agregación reduce su impacto en los indicadores, sin alterar sustancialmente sus conclusiones.


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