Seguimiento ambiental en riberas mediante tecnología LiDAR
Resumen
Las metodologías y herramientas que permitan conocer la evolución del corredor ripario tras actuaciones de restauración ecológica, son imprescindibles para monitorizar la eficiencia de las acciones desarrolladas y el cumplimiento de los objetivos del proyecto. El uso de la tecnología LiDAR, la clasificación de imágenes y el uso de herramientas SIG, facilitan el seguimiento de las acciones de restauración. En este artículo se expone una metodología de seguimiento de la evolución del corredor ripario en el marco de un proyecto de restauración para un caso de estudio que consistió en la eliminación de un azud en el río Lozoya. Este seguimiento se ha basado en cuantificar los cambios en variables dendrométricas (altura, diámetro y biomasa) y dasométricas (Fracción de Cabida Cubierta) a partir dos coberturas LiDAR PNOA, realizadas en los años 2010 y 2016, y de la clasificación de imágenes RGB PNOA. Los resultados muestran cambios en el corredor ripario asociados al crecimiento natural, aumentando el número de pies de clases medias de altura y diámetro. Por el contrario, la fracción de cabida cubierta ha disminuido pasando de valores medios en torno al 60-70% a valores entre 40-50%, como resultado de la apertura de espacios abiertos generando un ensanchamiento notable de la zona de cauce activo. Los cambios más relevantes se observaron en un cauce secundario situado en la margen derecha y en las zonas limítrofes con la lámina de agua más próxima a la antigua ubicación del azud. Finalmente, se analizaron las respuestas del corredor a la recuperación de la conectividad, así como las limitaciones y ventajas de emplear esta metodología para analizar la evolución del corredor ripario tras actuaciones de restauración ecológica.
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